نشریه تعلیم و تربیت استثنایی
سال بیست و سوم شماره 175 (امرداد و شهریور 1402)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of distress tolerance skills on general health and marital adjustment of mothers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

The quasi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of this study included all mothers of students aged 7 to 11 years with ADHD (dominant hyperactivity) in the academic year 1401-1400 in Tehran. The sample size consisted of 30 people who were selected by available sampling method and placed in two experimental and control groups. Distress tolerance skills was implemented for the experiment group, while the control group did not receive training. The research tool included the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier, 1972) and Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976). Analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used for statistical analysis.

The results showed that distress tolerance skills had a significant effect on improving general health and marital adjustment in the post-test and follow-up stages. (P<0.01).

The obtained evidence shows that distress tolerance skills are effective in increasing the general health and marital adjustment of mothers with children with ADHD.

Human growth and development includes physical, cognitive, psychological and social aspects. There is no major difference between the different dimensions of growth and development of children with hearing impairment and normal hearing children, and the same training and services that are given to hearing children and their parents are also suitable for children with hearing impairment and their parents with a slight change. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the principles of early hearing diagnosis and intervention and consultation with children and adolescents with hearing impairment and their parents.

The present research method was descriptive and review type. To collect information, articles, theses and books available in reliable scientific databases were used between 1989 and 2023.

Children and adolescents with hearing impairment and their parents need more specialized support and consultation, and should get help from the support team or the rehabilitation team. Counseling with children with hearing impairment and their parents is divided into two types of informational counseling and supportive counseling. In general, all decisions made for any child with hearing impairment should be based on the parents’ decision about what they want for their child. A psychologist or counselor can help parents of children with hearing impairment in the areas of sharing information, identifying emotional reactions, facilitating the formation of secure attachment, and positively influencing the family system. Therefore, counseling with children with hearing impairment and their parents is very important.

The purpose of this research was to model the effect of mental health on social adjustment and body image of exceptional students in Iran.

The study method of this research is descriptive and correlational using operational equations, in terms of practical purpose and collecting field information. The statistical population of this research is all exceptional students of the country (with special needs) in 6 groups of disabilities (deaf, blind, Physically disabled, multi-disabled, mentally retarded, autism) in have formed the secondary school, which the statistical share of students was 8500 of which 3300 were girls and 5200 were boys in the country in 2019 (exceptional education organization of the country) and the statistical sample size was 367 people, which was calculated using Morgan's table and The way to choose it was formed randomly. The instruments used in this research were Goldberg's mental health questionnaire (1972), Bell's social adjustment (1961) and Cash and Prozinski's body image (1990).

To analyze the data, variance analysis, multiple regression coefficient and operational equations were used to test the model. The results of the variance analysis confirmed the linear relationship between mental health and social adjustment and body image, and the results of the operational model test showed that in exceptional students with physical-motor disabilities, the effect of mental health on social adaptation and body image was significant.

Based on this, appropriate design and planning are recommended to improve the mental health of exceptional students through physical activity to improve their social adjustment and positive body image.

The aim of present study was to investigate the The effectiveness of rhythmic motor exercises on visual perceptual coordination and executive function in children with learning disabilities in 2020.

This semi-experimental study was conducted as pre-test and post-test with control group. Statistical population included all children with learning disabilities in the city of Dezful. From among these children with learning disabilities, 30 children were randomly selected and put into the experimental and control groups of 15 persons each. The parenting Visual Critical Scale of the Gastalt and Coolidge Neuropsychological Inventory was the instrument of this study. First, the pretest was conducted on the two groups. Then, the experimental group was exposed to an eight-session of rhythmic motor exercises these sessions were weekly held in group. At the end, the post-test was applied on both groups.

The results of Covariance analysis indicated that rhythmic motor exercises has significantly decreased and executive function disorder and increasing visual perceptual coordination and there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the visual perceptual coordination and executive function in children with learning disabilities (P<0.001).

Based on the results of the effect of rhythmic motor exercises on visual perceptual coordination and executive function, it can be concluded that rhythmic motor exercises is an effective treatment to reduce executive function and improve visual perceptual coordination.

Specific learning disorders are among the problems that have long been the focus of child psychologists and specialists. Children with specific learning disabilities, despite their normal intelligence, are unable to make academic progress in reading, writing, and mathematics. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of group-based positive thinking training on academic motivation and academic vitality of students with special learning disabilities.

This research was a semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all the male students of the first secondary school with a specific learning disorder who referred to the learning disorders center in Birjand city in the academic year of 2022-2023. Among the statistical population, 30 male students with special learning disorder were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15) and control group (15). The experimental group was trained for 10 sessions of 60 minutes. In order to collect research data, Harter's academic motivation questionnaire, Hossein Chari and Dehghanizadeh's academic vitality questionnaire and positive thinking training were used. The research data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance.

The results of the analysis of research hypotheses showed that group-based positive thinking training is effective on academic motivation and its components (intrinsic and extrinsic motivation) and academic vitality of students with specific learning disorders (p<0.005).

According to the findings of this research, it can be said that one of the useful teaching approaches to increase the academic motivation and academic vitality of students with special learning disabilities is teaching positive thinking in a group way.

Considering the need to contain and manage the great challenge of the Covid-19 pandemic in the public health of most countries and the adverse psychological effects of the spread of this disease in children with special needs and their caregivers, it is necessary for experts to vaccinate these children. ; But because children's vaccination is subject to parents' consent, planningto prepare caregivers' minds helps a lot to solve this challenge. The aim of the study is to investigate the demographic characteristics and attitude of parents to be vaccinated against covid-19.

Using available sampling method, 187 parents of children with special needs under 12 years of age completed a cross-sectional survey online in a period of three months. Finally, the demographic evaluation and its relationship with the parents' views of children with special needs regarding injection were done using SPSS software and descriptive analysis and variance analysis model and chi-square test.

The results showed that almost 67% of parents planned to vaccinate their child against Covid-19. In this analytical model, positive beliefs about vaccines, lack of beliefs about vaccine harm, trust in health care providers, and parents' vaccination status were inversely related to vaccination intention.

Despite parents' trust in the recommendations of children's health care providers, the findings showed that relying on trusted relationships alone may not be enough and additional education is needed to strengthen vaccine trust.